57. It is obligatory to conceal one's private parts in the toilet and at all times from adult persons even if they are one's near relatives (like mother, sister etc.) Similarly, it is obligatory to conceal one's private parts from insane persons, and from children who can discern between good and evil. However, husband and wife are exempted from this obligation.
58. It is not necessary for a person to conceal the private parts with any definite thing, it is sufficient, if, for example, he conceals them with his hand.
59. While using the toilet for relieving oneself, the front or the back part of one's body should not face the holy Ka'bah.
60. If a person sits in the toilet with the front part of his body or the back facing the Qibla, but turns the private parts away from that direction, it will not be enough. Similarly, when the front part of the body or the back does not face Qibla, as a precaution, he should not allow the private parts to face that direction.
61. Recommended precaution is that one should not face the Qibla or have one's back towards it at the time of Istibra (to be explained later), nor at the time of washing oneself to become Pak after relief.
64. It is haraam to relieve oneself at the following four places:
1. In blind alleys, without the permission of the people who live there.
2. On the property (land) of a person who has not granted permission for the purpose.
3. At a place which is waqf exclusively for its beneficiaries, like some Madrassahs.
4. On the graves of Momineen, if they will thus be violated.
65. In the following three cases, anus can be made Pak with water alone:
1- If another najasat, like blood, appears along with the faeces.
2- If an external najasat reaches the anus.
3- If more than usual najasat spreads around the anus.
In the cases other than those mentioned above, anus can be made Pak either by water or by using cloth, or stone etc., although it is always better to wash it with water. (for details: see Notes 68 - 70).
66. The urinary organ cannot be made Pak without water. If one uses kurr or running water, then washing the organ once will suffice, after removal of essential najasat. But, if one uses under-kurr water, then obligatory precaution is to wash it twice , better still, three times.
67. If the anus is washed with water, one should ensure that no trace of faeces is left on it. However, there is no harm if colour and smell remain. And if it is washed thoroughly in the first instance, leaving no particle of stool, then it is not necess ary to wash it again.
68. The anus can be made Pak with stone, clod or cloth provided they are dry and Pak. If there is slight moisture on it, which does not reach the outlet, there is no objection. but anyway it should not be less than three times although it became clean by twice or once.
71. If a person doubts whether he has made the outlet Pak, it is obligatory precaution that he should make it Pak even if he may have been doing it always as a matter of habit.
72. When a person doubts after Namaz, whether he made the outlet Pak before he started the prayers, the namaz already prayed will be valid, but for the ensuing prayers, he will make himself Pak.